The Soviet education system was a development of the education system of the Russian Empire. The latter, in turn, was also based on the German education system.

Copying the Anglo-Saxon system in Europe and in modern Russia, in my opinion, means the civilizational defeat of Europe.

If we briefly compare the Soviet and Anglo-Saxon systems, then the first one gave a fairly universal education, educating a diversified personality, and the Anglo-Skasonian system is aimed at forming, at best, narrow specialists who have no idea about most things in the world. It aims to create a more manageable society in which the majority of people cannot understand well enough what is outside the narrow confines of their specialization.

Here I wrote something about how the Soviet school was works:

https://www.quora.com/What-was-school-like-in-the-Soviet-Union/answer/Valeriy-Beloyar